Since clinical pharmacy embraces the philosophy of pharmaceutical care, the primary objective of practice is patient-oriented care. The ACCP definition of clinical pharmacy describes three parts of clinical pharmacy: the clinical pharmacy discipline the clinical pharmacist and the roles of a clinical pharmacist in healthcare. Therefore, the concept of clinical pharmacy adds clarity about the role of pharmacists and strengthens the academic basis of pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care, in fact, describes the original purpose of clinical pharmacy and it should be recognised as a professional practice obligation. Many pharmacists would agree that pharmaceutical care is an integral part of clinical pharmacy practice because it is provided by pharmacists who are promoting rational use of drugs, The concept covers responsibilities, medication surveillance at individual and systems level, counselling, and evaluation of care outcomes The birth of the pharmaceutical care concept can be described as a practice philosophy for pharmacy. Pharmaceutical care has been defined by pharmacist academics Charles Hepler and Linda Strand as “the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes which improve patients’ quality of life” Since the primary focus of clinical pharmacy is patient care, there is a close association between clinical pharmacy and the concept of pharmaceutical care The entire focus of clinical pharmacy practice is to promote the rational use of drugs that results in health, well-being and disease prevention and, ultimately, improve the patient’s quality of life. , while the unabridged version defines clinical pharmacy as a health science discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimises medication therapy and promotes health, well-being and disease prevention. In abridged form, clinical pharmacy refers to the area of pharmacy concerned with the science and practice of rational medicines use The more precise definitions of clinical pharmacy, both abridged and unabridged, were presented by the ACCP to serve as the foundation for the core competencies of a clinical pharmacist. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) - a professional pharmacy association based in Lenexa, Kansas - defines clinical pharmacy as “a health science specialty that embodies the application by pharmacists of scientific principles of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutics to the care of patients” They are pharmacists with specialised advanced education and training who possess the clinical competencies necessary to practise in team-based, direct patient care environments, In the context of pharmacy practice, clinical pharmacists are practitioners who provide comprehensive medicines management and related care for patients in all healthcare settings. A clinical role for pharmacists was developed in response to the societal need to improve use of medicines In the early 1970s, the concept embedded in clinical therapeutics gave birth to the term ‘clinical pharmacy’. ![]() So perhaps now is the time re-examine exactly what clinical pharmacy is and suggest a new definition. There has been some debate about the terms ‘clinical pharmacy’ and ‘clinical pharmacist’, with some arguing that the term is superfluous because pharmacists are trained to be clinical. Terms such as ‘clinical pharmacy’, ‘pharmaceutical care’ and, in the UK, ‘medicines optimisation’ are being used to help define the role of pharmacists. ![]() In the UK, there are pharmacist prescribers and a new role is emerging for pharmacists to work in GP practices For instance, in countries such as the UK, Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, pharmacists in the community are expected to be accessible to patients and to counsel patients about their medicines. ![]() Within this context, in order to promote quality use of medicines in a healthcare system, pharmacists need to be equipped with not only basic knowledge of science but also the fundamentals of clinical therapeutics and practice.Īs a profession, pharmacy has gone through rapid changes in recent decades, with many countries pushing for more patient-oriented clinical roles and integrating pharmacists into a multidisciplinary team alongside doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals Improving patients’ quality of life with safe and cost-effective medicines is a growing priority for health policymakers worldwide. The ever-changing global pharmaceutical market and the development of new complex drug molecules to address the population’s healthcare needs are making pharmacy practice more challenging. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.
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